Sub-Saharan Africa stands at the intersection of multiple transformative forces: climate change, migration, and rapid urbanization. This report, published in the context of the EU-funded research project ALBATROSS, offers a comprehensive analysis of how these forces interact, drawing on evidence from Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, and South Africa. The findings are based on extensive country-level assessments of climate trends, migration dynamics, and urbanization processes, complemented by a series of interviews with national experts, as well as policy and governance reviews. While climate change threatens livelihoods and infrastructure through slow-onset stresses (e.g., drought, soil degradation) and sudden shocks (e.g., cyclones, floods), human responses—particularly migration—are shaped by diverse social, economic, and political factors.









